Analog to digital conversion module of ARDUINO UNO has 6 input ports. The number of the port varies with your ARDUINO model but the coding remains the same. The analog reading in the analog inputs are converted into corresponding 10bit(0-1023). ARDUINO developers have made such an option that you ca...

Similar to printing ‘Hello World’ in C or C++, the very first step towards programming a microcontroller is Blinking a LED with a delay. Atmega32 is a very popular high performance 8 bit AVR Microcontroller. For this example project we need to use two registers DDR and PORT. DDR stands for Data Dire...

As we all know LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic display which is commonly used nowadays in applications such as calculators, laptops, tablets, mobile phones etc. 16×2 character LCD module is a very basic module which is commonly used by electronic hobbyists and is used in many electroni...

Servo Motor is a DC Motor equipped with error sensing negative feedback to control the exact angular position of the shaft. Unlike DC Motors it will not rotate continuously. It is used to make angular rotations such as 0-90°, 0-180° etc. Stepper Motors can also be used for making precise angular rot...

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is a device that converts an analog quantity (continuous voltage) to discrete digital values. This is very useful when we want to do some processing on physical quantities, which are normally analog in nature. Most of the PIC Microcontrollers have built in ADC Modul...

1.jpg A Digital Clock can be made easily by using PIC Microcontroller, DS1307 and a 16×2 LCD. The DS1307 RTC can work either in 24-hour mode or 12-hour mode with AM/PM indicator. It automatically adjusts for months fewer than 31 days including leap year compensation up to year 2100. DS1307 comes wi...

PWM is a technique used to generate analog output signal using digital signals. It is commonly used to control average power delivered to a load, motor speed control, generating analog voltage levels and for generating analog waveforms. CCP Modules are available with a number of PIC Microcontrollers...

Pulse Width Modulation or PWM is a method of Digital to Analog Conversion. It helps in delivering analog average voltage using digital pulses of variable pulse width. By controlling the on time and off time, we can generate an analog average voltage using the digital pulses. 1.png PWM has a wide ra...

Introduction A Stepper Motor is a brushless, synchronous DC electric motor, which divides the full rotation into a number of equal steps. It finds great application in field of microcontrollers such as robotics. Please refer the article Stepper motor explained for detailed information about working...

Introduction to Stepper Motor It is a brushless, synchronous DC electric motor, which divides the full rotation into a number of equal steps. It is also known as Step Motor. For example, in the case of a 200 step motor, one complete rotation (360°) is divided in to 200 steps, which means one step i...